Proposed and experimental deflection methods include ion beam shepherds, focused solar energy and the use of mass drivers or solar sails.
2.
Later acknowledging that, with sufficient international oversight, in the future a " work our way up " approach to fielding nuclear explosive deflection methods could be fielded, and when sufficient knowledge was gained, to use them to aid in mining asteroids.
3.
The relative popularity of the beam-deflection method can be explained by its high sensitivity and simple operation, and by the fact that cantilevers do not require electrical contacts or other special treatments, and can therefore be fabricated relatively cheaply with sharp integrated tips.
4.
As David Levy stated in an interview " The giggle factor disappeared after Shoemaker-Levy 9 . " He was referring to the contemporary attitude that extinction level events were so improbable that those advocating for research for detection and possible deflection methods were only paranoid alarmists.
5.
For more complicated situations the deflection can be determined by solving the Euler Bernoulli equation using techniques such as the " slope deflection method ", " moment distribution method ", " direct integration ", " Castigliano's method ", " Macaulay's method " or the " direct stiffness method ".
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